Title of the article

Institution of bankruptcy in Russian legislation: historical and theoretical aspects

 Authors 

Dmitry A. Lipinsky — Doctor of Law, Professor, Head of the Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law, Chief Researcher, Togliatti State University, 14 Belorusskaya street, Togliatti, 445020, Russia, dmitri8@yandex.ru
Aleksandr V. Malko — Doctor of Law, Professor, Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law, Chief Researcher, Togliatti State University, 14 Belorusskaya street, Togliatti, 445020, Russia, alex25-58@mail.ru
Aleksandr A. Ivanov — Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law, Senior Researcher, Togliatti State University, 14 Belorusskaya street, Togliatti, 445020, Russia, ale_iv@mail.ru
Roman S. Markunin — Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law, Senior Researcher, Togliatti State University, 14 Belorusskaya street, Togliatti, 445020, Russia, markunin88@yahoo.com

 Category 

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LEGAL SCIENCES

Year,.Volume, Number 

2023, Vol. 11, № 3 (43)

 Pages 

33-47

 Article type 

Original article

 Index UDK 

343

 DOI 

10.21685/2307-9525-2023-11-3-4

 Abstract 

Background. The active use of implemented legal frameworks is largely distinguished by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 1996; such an approach can be considered as a factor of strengthening legal anomie in Russian society. The goal of the study is to examine the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation for the presence of legal frameworks borrowed from foreign and international law, their assessment as a factor of strengthening legal anomie in Russian society. Materials and methods. This goal is achieved through analyzing the norms of national and international criminal law, scientific papers on the topic under study. The comparative-legal, formal-legal, systemic methods of cognition are applied. Results. Using the example of certain provisions of both the General and Special parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the presence of an original character in national criminal law, which has both its own historical traditions and practice of its implementation that has developed over decades, is noted. The analysis of certain elements of crimes in the field of combating corruption and fighting terrorism, encroaching on international peace and order, and some other crimes suggests a significant difference in the practice of national rulemaking from the existing international standards. In some cases, the amendments made to criminal law did not meet both the needs of society and the current social and political situation. The legislative reforms may be caused by external reasons, which consist in an attempt to harmonize legislation and to strengthen international relations with foreign, primarily Western, states. Conclusions. In the historical context, it is shown that the existence of implementation can have both a positive and negative impact on the practice of national law enforcement. The study proves that the practice of unjustified implementation of the existing international and foreign standards poses a danger to the effectiveness of criminal law, which manifests in strengthening the state of legal anomie affecting both the subjects of criminal law norms and officials applying the criminal measures.

 Keywords 

implementation, international law, legal frameworks, corpus delicti, criminal law, legal anomie

the reported study was funded by Russian Science Foundation, project No 23-28-00176, https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-00176/

 Download PDF

References

1. Subbotina E.N. Mekhanizm implementatsii mezhdunarodnogo ugolovnogo prava v zarubezhnykh stranakh i v Rossii: monografiya = Mechanism for Implementing International Criminal Law in Foreign Countries and in Russia: Monograph. Moscow: Yurlitinform, 2012:213. (In Russ.)
2. Nekrasov V.N. Issues of Implementing Norms of International Criminal Law in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Voprosy rossiyskogo i mezhdunarodnogo prava = Issues of Russian and international law. 2012;(2):109–121. (In Russ.)
3. Chernichenko S.V. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo: sovremennye teoreticheskie problemy = Issues of Russian and International Law. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1993:295. (In Russ.)
4. Avdeev R.V. Implementation of International Law in Russian Criminal Law. Vestnik Tambovskogo universiteta. Seriya: Gumanitarnye nauki = Bulletin of Tambov University. Series: Humanities. 2014;(7):127–133. (In Russ.)
5. Safarov N.A., Mehtiyeva K.N., Safarov F.N. International Crimes and the Netherland's Law: Strategy of Implementation. Moscow Journal of International Law. 2018;(2):6–22. doi: 10.24833/0869-0049-2018-2-6-22
6. Karimov M.M. Modern Approaches to Defining the Concept of “Implementation of International Legal Norms”. Vestnik Kyrgyzsko-Rossiyskogo Slavyanskogo universiteta = Bulletin of Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University. 2008;8(2):159–162. (In Russ.)
7. Kuznetsova N.F. On Legislative Technology in Criminal Law. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 11, Pravo = Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 11, Law. 2004;(4):41–53. (In Russ.)
8. Suntsov A.E., Truntsevskiy Yu.V. Theoretical problems of Implementing Norms of International Criminal Law in Russia. Moskovskiy zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava = Moscow Journal of International Law. 1997;(2):92–99. (In Russ.). doi: 10.24833/0869-0049-1997-2-92-99
9. Vdovin V.A. Implementation of International Legal Norms in Criminal Law of the Russian Federation (Issues of the General Part). PhD dissertation. Ulyanovsk, 2006:234. (In Russ.)
10. Subbotina E.N. Implementing Norms of International Criminal Law in Criminal Legislation of Foreign Countries and Russia. PhD dissertation. Moscow, 2013:248. (In Russ.)
11. Spiridonov A.P., Mikhaylova O.G., Tarayko V.I., Tretyakov I.L. Techniques for Implementing Norms of International Criminal Law into Russian Criminal Law. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta MVD Rossii = Bulletin of St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. 2005;(3–2):150–158. (In Russ.)
12. Melnichenko A.B. Issues of Implementing Norms of International Criminal Law in National Legislation. Filosofiya prava = Philosophy of Law. 2008;(3):30–34. (In Russ.)
13. Kapinus O.S. Aktualnye problemy ugolovnogo prava = Current Problems of Criminal Law. Moscow: Prospekt, 2017:488. (In Russ.)
14. Lorenz N.-L. A.A Summary: Portraying the Legal Culture and the European Human Rights Culture of the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice through Interviews. Rechtsgeschichte. 2021;(29):175–186. doi: 10.12946/rg29/175-186
15. Dedek H. Out of Site: Transnational Legal Culture(s) (Book Chapter). The Oxford Handbook of Transnational Law. Oxford University Press, 2021:89–112. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/
papers.cfm?abstract_id=3678046
16. Hodgson J. The Challenge of Universal Norms: Securing Effective Defence Rights Across Different Jurisdictions and Legal Cultures. Journal of Law and Society. 2019;(46):95–114. doi: 10.1111/jols.12185
17. Cohen M. The Continuing Impact of French Legal Culture on the International Court of Justice. Comparative International Law. Oxford University Press, 2018:181–206. doi: 10.1093/oso/9780190697570.003.0009
18. Wolkmer A.C., Ferrazzo D.A Decolonial approach on democracy and legal culture in modernity. Revista Brasileira de Estudos Politicos. 2020;(120):55–105. doi: 10.9732/p.0034-7191.2020v120p055
19. Pavlenko I.V. Child Pornography on the Internet: State of the Problem and Global Trends in Countering It. Vserossiyskiy kriminologicheskiy zhurnal = All-Russian Criminological Journal. 2021;15(1):133–143. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17150/2500-4255.2021.15(1).133-143
20. Hunter T.S., Sunde J., Nordtveit E. The Character of Petroleum Licences: A Legal Culture Analysis. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2020:288.
21. Faundes J.J., Le Bonniec F. Comparing the Legal Culture from the Perspective of the Right to Cultural Identity in Brazil and Chile. Brazilian Journal of International Law. 2020;(17):145–179. doi: 10.5102/rdi.v17i1.6555
22. Cherekhovich M.M. Development of the Punishment System without Isolation from Society in Russian Criminal Law before 1917. Aktualnye problemy rossiyskogo prava = Current Problems of Russian Law. 2019;(8):41–46. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17803/1994-1471.2019.105.8.041-046
23. Rogan M. Examining the Role of Legal Culture as a Protective Factor Against High Rates of Pre-trial Detention: the Case of Ireland. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. 2022;(28):425–433. doi: 10.1007/s10610-022-09515-9
24. Bocharov T. Is There a “Compensation Culture” in Contemporary Russia? The Role of Lia-bility Insurance, Non-pecuniary Damages, and Legal Profession in Personal Injury Litigation. Onati Socio-Legal Series. 2021;(11):556–588. doi: 10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1141
25. Vereshchagina A.V. Language of Criminal Proceedings: Some Results of Generalizing Judicial Practice. Gosudarstvo i parvo = State and Law. 2018;(8):45–56. (In Russ.). doi: 10.31857/S013207690000790-1
26. Díaz Gude A., Navarro Papic I. Restorative Justice and Legal Culture. Criminology and Criminal Justice. 2020;(20):57–75. doi: 10.1177/1748895818796549
27. Zimin V.V. Implementing International Anti-Corruption Standards Relating to Criminal Jurisdiction into Russian Legislation. Aktualnye problemy rossiyskogo prava = Current Problems of Russian Law. 2022;17(3):150–159. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17803/1994-1471.2022.136.3.150-159
28. Orlov D.V. Integration Process and Certain Aspects of Neuroscience Influence on the Development and Formation of Modern Criminal Law. Pravo i politika = Law and Policy. 2017;(2):60–66. (In Russ.)
29. Zhuk M.S. Institutions of Russian Criminal Law: Concept, System and Development Prospects. PhD abstract. Krasnodar, 2013:62. (In Russ.)
30. Andrianov V.K. Influence of Various Criminal Law Schools on the Development of Patterns of Criminal Law. Probely v rossiyskom zakonodatelstve = Gaps in Russian Legislation. 2019;(4):173–177. (In Russ.)
31. Kuznetsov R.D. Developing Norms of Domestic Criminal Law on Liability for Extremist Crimes: Historical Analysis. ExLegis: pravovye issledovaniya = ExLegis: Legal Studies. 2020;(2):27–31. (In Russ.)
32. Demin I.N. Comparative Analysis of the Criminal Legal Framework “Subjective Side” in the CIS countries. Vestnik obrazovatelnogo konsortsiuma Srednerusskiy universitet. Seriya: Yurisprudentsiya = Bulletin of the Central Russian University Educational Consortium. Series: Law. 2017;(10–1):17–19. (In Russ.)
33. Kruessmann T. Criminal Law and Human Rights – Some Examples from the Emergence of European Criminal Law. Russian Journal of Criminology. 2020;14(5):745–757. doi: 10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(5).745-757
34. Shmagina Ya. A. Penetration of Dubious Terminology into Russian Legislation and Possible Negative Impact of This Process on Civil Society and Legal System as a Whole. Nauchnaya diskussiya: voprosy yurisprudentsii = Scientific Discussion: Legal Issues. 2016;(12):38–49. (In Russ.)
35. Saar J. Tackling Corruption in Western and Russian Legal Cultures. Trames. 2019;(23):455–470. doi: 10.3176/tr.2019.4.05
36. Khabrieva T.Ya., Kurbanov R.A. (eds.). Pravovye osnovy protivodeystviya korruptsii: mezhdunarodnye i natsionalnye standarty i initsiativy: ucheb. posobie: v 2 t. T. 1 = Legal Framework for Combating Corruption: International and National Standards and Initiatives: Textbook: In 2 Volumes. Vol. 1. Moscow: Infra-M, 2021:522. (In Russ.)
37. Lobanov S.A., Rostunova O.S. Interrelation of International and National Criminal Law in the Sphere of Ensuring Safety of Energy Activity. Moskovskiy zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava = Moscow Journal of International Law. 2021;(4):108–122. (In Russ.). doi: 10.24833/0869-0049-2021-4-108-122
38. Cherepanova E.V. Criminal Law during the Great Patriotic War: Main Development Trends. Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava = Journal of Russian Law. 2010;(10):139–145. (In Russ.)
39. Mavlonov A.Kh., Mezyaev A.B. Problems of Implementing International Criminal Law in Russia. Moskovskiy zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava = Moscow Journal of International Law. 1998;(51):134–139. (In Russ.). doi: 10.24833/0869-0049-1998-5-134-139
40. Stepanov P.P. On the Concept of War Crimes in International Criminal Law and National Legislation. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 11, Pravo = Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 11, Law. 2016;(6):132–143. (In Russ.)
41. Grigorev O.V. Military Order and “Brief Depiction of Processes and Litigation” as the Basis for Administration of Justice in the Russian Army in the 18th Century. Istoricheskaya i sotsialno-obrazovatelnaya mysl = Historical and Social-Educational Thought. 2018;10(1):28–39. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-1-28-39
42. Korennaya A.A. Theoretical Foundations for Determining the Object of Coercion to Commit a Transaction or Refuse to Commit It (Article 179 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). Rossiysko-aziatskiy pravovoy zhurnal = Russian-Asian Legal Journal. 2022;(2):24–29. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14258/ralj(2022)2.5
43. Lukomskaya A.S. Development of the Criminal Procedural Concept of “Victim” in Russian Legislation in the Period before Adopting the Charter of Criminal Proceedings of 1864. Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Seriya: Ekonomika i parvo = Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series: Economy and Law. 2017;27(5):132–139. (In Russ.)

For citation

Lipinsky D.A., Malko A.V., Ivanov A.A., Markunin R.S. Implemented legal frameworks in Russian criminal law as a factor of strengthening legal anomie. Elektronnyy nauchnyy zhurnal "Nauka. Obshchestvo. Gosudarstvo" = Electronic scientific journal "Science. Society. State". 2023;11(3):33–47. (In Russ.). doi: 10.21685/2307-9525-2023-11-3-4